The Joy of Believing: The Vision and Relevance of Lumen fidei and Evangelii gaudium in Indian Context
©2015
Textbook
114 Pages
Summary
Religion and theology became an occult science for many; and belief in the values of life that religions proclaim turned to be useless and void. The handing on of the faith’ has become a deep crisis and a problematic today and has turned to be a burning issue for the contemporary Church. <br>What is necessary in the contemporary culture is to develop a counter-culture that passionately understands the love of God and sharing it passionately and joyfully with the fellow humans and the world around us. We need a counter-culture of sharing the truth and love which is God. Pope Francis’ message is none other than this. He exhorts for a missionary renewal in the Church and to have a new theological outlook that leads the Church to be a Church of the poor – a counter culture of compassionate and tender love.<br>When it comes to India, the Church, a minority in number, faces a lot of challenges in its practice and proclamation of faith. Globalization and the new economic reforms badly affected the Indian culture which is turning to be secular, as well as fundamentalist. With a weak presence in many areas the Church in India is struggling to make its presence felt in the nation. Here the author is making an attempt to understand the joyful sharing of the Gospel in the Indian context in the light of the first two documents of Pope Francis.<br>The author discusses the challenges and ways to face the challenges to be truthful by being in love and faith. It will provide a clear understanding to live the faith relying upon God’s providence and mercy, and will enable the Church to work for the holistic development of humanity.
Excerpt
Table Of Contents
0&%6 DQG DOO WKRVH FRPPXQLW\ PHPEHUV LQ $JQHO $VKUDP IRU WKHLU FRPSDQLRQVKLS
DQG FRQFHUQ VXSSRUW DQG KHOS WKURXJKRXW P\ ZRUN , DOVR WKDQNIXOO\ UHPHPEHU 5HY
'UV 9LQFHQW .XQGXNXODP 3DXO 0XQGROLFNDO DQG 6HEDVWLDQ 3DQMLNDUDQ RI 6W
-RVHSK¶V 3RQWLILFDO ,QVWLWXWH $OZD\H .HUDOD :LWK JUHDW MR\ , UHPHPEHU 5HY 'U
.XULDNRVH 0XQGDGDQ IRU VXSSRUWLQJ PH E\ VHQGLQJ DUWLFOHV UHODWHG WR WKLV ZRUN DQG
5HY )U $QWR .DODWKLO &0, IRU VSHQGLQJ KLV YDOXDEOH WLPH IRU WKH V\QWD[ FRUUHFWLRQ
RI WKH GUDIWV , WKDQNIXOO\ DFNQRZOHGJH WKH ORYH DQG FRQFHUQ RI 'U $QWRQ\ -RVHSK
ZKR LV WUHDWLQJ PH IRU P\ DOOHUJLF DLOPHQWV DQG KLV ZLIH 0UV 5RVDPPD $QWRQ\ DQG
IDPLO\ IRU WKHLU VXSSRUW
$ERYH DOO , KXPEO\ DFNQRZOHGJH OLNH 6W 3DXO ³%\ WKH JUDFH RI *RG , DP ZKDW , DP´
&RU 7KLV ZRUN RI LQWHOOHFWXDO H[HUFLVH IRU PH LV D JLIW DQG OLJKW RI *RG
7KH LPPHQVH ORYH RI WKH $OPLJKW\ FDQQRW EH WKDQNHG SURSHU LQ P\ OLIH ,
DFNQRZOHGJH , ERZ GRZQ EHIRUH WKH DOOHQFRPSDVVLQJ ORYH DQG EHQHYROHQFH
7$%/( 2) 217(176
$EEUHYLDWLRQV
*HQHUDO ,QWURGXFWLRQ
0HWKRGRORJ\ DQG 3URFHGXUH
6FRSH
6LJQLILFDQFH
/LPLWDWLRQV
KDSWHU
$SSURDFKLQJ )DLWK IURP WKH %LEOLFDO DQG (FFOHVLDO 3HUVSHFWLYH
,QWURGXFWLRQ
)DLWK DQG 5HOLJLRQ ± ,QWHUFRQQHFWLYLW\
3RVWPRGHUQ 5HOLJLRQ
3UDJPDWLVP +\SHUUHDOLVP DQG 9LUWXDOLW\
KULVWLDQ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ RI )DLWK
%LEOLFDO 3HUFHSWLRQ RI )DLWK ± 27 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ
7UDLWV RI 27 )DLWK
d
Z
17 3HUFHSWLRQ RI )DLWK /LYLQJ )DLWK DV -R\IXO 6KDULQJ
-R\IXO 6KDULQJ RI )DLWK DV (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
(YDQJHOL]DWLRQ ,, 9DWLFDQ RXQFLO¶V 3HUVSHFWLYH
(YDQJHOL]DWLRQ DV 3URFODPDWLRQ RI WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG
-HVXV DQG WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG
/LEHUDWLRQ 7KHRORJ\ $SSURDFK
.LQJGRP RI *RG $Q (FFOHVLDO 3HUVSHFWLYH
-R\IXO 6KDULQJ DV :RUNV RI KDULW\ DQG -XVWLFH
KDULW\ 'HPDQGV $FWLRQ
KDULW\ 'HPDQGV -XVWLFH
1HZ (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
RQFOXVLRQ
KDSWHU
Lumen Fidei
± $Q (YDOXDWLYH 6WXG\
,QWURGXFWLRQ
$XWKRUVKLS
$UUDQJHPHQW RI Lumen Fidei $ 6\QRSVLV
Lumen Fidei ± $ ULWLFDO 6XPPDU\
)DLWK DQG /RYH
$EUDKDP 2XU )DWKHU LQ )DLWK
7KH )DLWK RI ,VUDHO
7KH )XOOQHVV RI KULVWLDQ IDLWK
6DOYDWLRQ E\ )DLWK
7KH (FFOHVLDO )RUP RI )DLWK
)DLWK 7UXWK DQG 7KHRORJ\
)DLWK DQG WUXWK
.QRZOHGJH RI WKH 7UXWK DQG /RYH
)DLWK DV +HDULQJ DQG 6LJKW
7KH 'LDORJXH EHWZHHQ )DLWK DQG 5HDVRQ
)DLWK DQG WKH 6HDUFK IRU *RG
)DLWK DQG 7KHRORJ\
KXUFK DQG )DLWK
7KH KXUFK 0RWKHU RI 2XU )DLWK
7KH 6DFUDPHQWV DQG WKH 7UDQVPLVVLRQ RI )DLWK
)DLWK 3UD\HU DQG WKH 'HFDORJXH
7KH 8QLW\ DQG ,QWHJULW\ RI )DLWK
)DLWK LQ 3UDFWLFDO /LIH
)DLWK DQG WKH RPPRQ *RRG
)DLWK DQG WKH )DPLO\
$ /LJKW IRU /LIH LQ 6RFLHW\
RQVRODWLRQ DQG VWUHQJWK DPLG VXIIHULQJ
%OHVVHG LV 6KH :KR %HOLHYHG /N
%LEOLFDO DQG 7KHRORJLFDO $QDO\VLV
(FFOHVLRORJ\ RI /)
-R\ RI %HOLHYLQJ ± )DLWK LQ /RYH
$ '\QDPLF 'RFXPHQW
ULWLFLVPV DQG $SSUHFLDWLRQV
RQFOXVLRQ
+$37(5
Evangelii Gaudium
DQG )DLWK 6KDULQJ ± $Q $SSUDLVDO
,QWURGXFWLRQ
$XWKRUVKLS DQG %DFNJURXQG
RQWHQWV RI WKH ([KRUWDWLRQ
7KH +LJKOLJKWV RI Evangelii Gaudium
7KH -R\ RI (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
1HZ (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
KXUFK DQG 0LVVLRQDU\ 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ
3URFODPDWLRQ RI WKH *RVSHO DQG ,QFXOWXUDWLRQ
(YDQJHOL]DWLRQ DV 6RFLDO RPPLWPHQW
KXUFK RI WKH 3RRU DQG IRU WKH 3RRU
.LQJGRP RI *RG
RQFHUQ IRU WKH 9XOQHUDEOH
ULVHV DQG KDOOHQJHV
)DPLO\ LQ ULVLV
3DVWRUDO 3UREOHPV
(IIHFWLYH 3URFODPDWLRQ
6SLULWILOOHG (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
(QFRXQWHU ZLWK -HVXV
(YDOXDWLRQ
5HDOLVWLF $SSURDFK
1HZ (FFOHVLRORJ\
$SSUHFLDWLRQ DQG ULWLFDO 5HPDUNV
7KH µ5HYROXWLRQ RI 7HQGHUQHVV¶
-R\IXO (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ LQ WKH RQWHPSRUDU\ :RUOG
RQFOXVLRQ
KDSWHU
7KH KDOOHQJHV RI /) DQG (* WR WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD
,QWURGXFWLRQ
,QGLDQ RQWH[W
,QGLD /DQG RI 8QLW\ LQ 'LYHUVLW\ DQG RQWUDVWV
DVWH 6\VWHP
*OREDOL]DWLRQ DQG 8UEDQLVDWLRQ
5HOLJLRXV )XQGDPHQWDOLVP DQG 7HUURULVP
3RYHUW\ DQG 2WKHU 9XOQHUDELOLWLHV
7KH KDOOHQJHV EHIRUH WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD
,QWHUUHOLJLRXV 'LDORJXH DQG ,QFXOWXUDWLRQ
7KHRORJ\ RI 3OXUDOLW\
3RVWPRGHUQ KDOOHQJHV LQ ,QGLD
:RPHQ LQ ,QGLD
7KH -R\ RI %HOLHYLQJ LQ WKH ,QGLDQ RQWH[W KDOOHQJHV E\ /) DQG (*
$Q ,QYLWDWLRQ WR 5HYROXWLRQ
3HUVRQDO $SSURDFK
5ROH RI 7KHRORJ\
1HZ (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ ± $ -R\IXO 6RFLDO RPPLWPHQW
$ 1HZ (FFOHVLRORJ\
3URSKHWLF 0LVVLRQ
RPPLWPHQW WR WKH 3RRU
1HZ +XPDQLVP
,QWHUUHOLJLRXV 5HODWLRQV DQG ,QFXOWXUDWLRQ
RQFOXVLRQ
3HUVRQDO 5HIOHFWLRQV DQG *HQHUDO RQFOXVLRQ
3HUVRQDO 5HIOHFWLRQV
*HQHUDO RQFOXVLRQ
%LEOLRJUDSK\
3ULPDU\ 6RXUFHV
6HFRQGDU\ 6RXUFHV
%RRNV
(GLWHG %RRNV
-RXUQDOV
KXUFK 'RFXPHQWV
9DWLFDQ 'RFXPHQWV
,QWHUQHW 0DWHULDOV
8QSXEOLVKHG 0DWHULDO
$%%5(9,$7,216
$*
Ad gentes
Catechism of the Catholic Church
( $
Ecclesia in Asia
HG
(GLWRU HGLWHG E\
(*
Evangelii gaudium
*6
Gaudium et spes
,/
Instrumentum laboris
/)
Lumen fidei
/*
Lumen gentium
15%
1DWLRQDO ULPH 5HFRUGV %XUHDX
1'
Neuner and Duipuis
1(
1HZ (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
3)
Porta fidei
50
Redemptoris missio
sic.
sicut
sic erat scriptum µWKXV LW ZDV ZULWWHQ¶
81'3
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPPH
9-75
Vidyajyoti Journal of Theological Reflections
1% 1569 3DWWHUQ LV IROORZHG IRU %LEOLFDO TXRWDWLRQV XQOHVV DQG RWKHUZLVH
PHQWLRQHG
*(1(5$/ ,1752'87,21
:KDW GRHV LW PHDQ WR EH D KULVWLDQ LQ WKH SUHVHQW ZRUOG +RZ DUH ZH WR OLYH D MR\IXO
KULVWLDQ OLIH LQ WKLV DJH RI ORVLQJ IDLWK LQ VRFLDO VWUXFWXUHV DQG UHOLJLRXV YDOXHV
5HOLJLRQ DQG WKHRORJ\ EHFDPH DQ RFFXOW VFLHQFH IRU PDQ\ DQG EHOLHI LQ WKH YDOXHV RI
OLIH WKDW UHOLJLRQV SURFODLP WXUQHG WR EH XVHOHVV DQG YRLG 7KH ZRUOG LV DOZD\V
XQGHUJRLQJ FKDQJHV $V +HUDFOLWXV VD\V µRX FDQQRW VWHS LQ WR WKH VDPH ULYHU WZLFH¶
JLYHV D YHU\ ELJ FKDOOHQJH WR WKH KXUFK 6W 3DXO VD\V ³7KH SUHVHQW IRUP RI WKLV
ZRUOG LV SDVVLQJ DZD\´ RU 7KH FKDQJHV DQG UHIRUPV KDSSHQ LQ RXU ZRUOG
HYHU\ PLQXWH DQG WKH REOLJDWLRQ WR EH FRQFHUQHG ZLWK WKH ZRUOG DUH WKH WZR IDFWV WKDW
WKH KXUFK IDFHV WRGD\ µ7KH KDQGLQJ RQ RI WKH IDLWK¶ KDV EHFRPH D GHHS FULVLV DQG D
SUREOHPDWLF WRGD\ DQG KDV WXUQHG WR EH D EXUQLQJ LVVXH IRU WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ KXUFK
'HVSLWH DOO WKH EHVW HIIRUWV DQG ZLOO IDLWK LV LQ GDQJHU RI HYDSRUDWLQJ LQ RXU WLPHV ,W
KDV EHFRPH OHVV DQG OHVV GHWHUPLQDWLYH LQ RXU GD\WRGD\ OLIH UHDOLWLHV )DLWK KDV
EHFRPH VR ZHDN WKDW LW FDQQRW ZLWQHVV RU EH SDVVHG RQ
)UDJPHQWHG ZRUOGYLHZV DQG
SRVWPRGHUQ WKRXJKW SDWWHUQV WHPSW WKH FRPPRQHU WR WKLQN DQG DFW DJDLQVW UHOLJLRQ DQG
UHOLJLRXV LGHDV RI *RG XOWXUDO LQIOXHQFHV LQVWLWXWLRQDO RSSUHVVLRQ DQG V\VWHPLF
YLROHQFH GULYH WKHP DZD\ IURP UHOLJLRQ IDLWK DQG RWKHU VRFLDO VWUXFWXUHV
:KHQ LW FRPHV WR ,QGLD WKH KXUFK D PLQRULW\ LQ QXPEHU IDFHV D ORW RI FKDOOHQJHV LQ
LWV SUDFWLFH DQG SURFODPDWLRQ RI IDLWK *OREDOL]DWLRQ DQG WKH QHZ HFRQRPLF UHIRUPV
KDYH EDGO\ DIIHFWHG WKH ,QGLDQ FXOWXUH ZKLFK LV WXUQLQJ WR EH VHFXODU DV ZHOO DV
IXQGDPHQWDOLVW :LWK D ZHDN SUHVHQFH LQ PDQ\ DUHDV WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD LV VWUXJJOLQJ
WR PDNH LWV SUHVHQFH IHOW LQ WKH QDWLRQ +HUH , DP PDNLQJ DQ DWWHPSW WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH
MR\IXO VKDULQJ RI WKH *RVSHO LQ WKH ,QGLDQ FRQWH[W LQ WKH OLJKW RI WKH ILUVW WZR
GRFXPHQWV RI 3RSH )UDQFLV 7KH HOHFWLRQ RI DUGLQDO %HUJRJOLR DV WKH 3RSH RQ
WK
RI
0DUFK JDYH D QHZ DQG VSHFLDO LPSHWXV WR WKH KXUFK OLIH LQ WKH GHYHORSLQJ
FRXQWULHV VLQFH KH FRPHV IURP RQH RI WKHVH +H DFFHSWHG WKH QDPH µ)UDQFLV¶ DIWHU
6DLQW )UDQFLV RI $VVLVL ZKR LV NQRZQ DV WKH 6HFRQG KULVW
DQG DOVR NQRZQ IRU KLV
ORYH IRU SRYHUW\
:DOWHU .DVSHU Transcending All Understanding: The Meaning of Christian Faith Today HG
6DQ )UDQFLVFR RPPXQLR %RRNV
$XWKRU DQRQ\PRXV ³7KH DSXFKLQ 3URYLQFH RI 6W )UDQFLV RI $VVLVL ,QGLD´ DFFHVVHG RQ )HE
DYDLODEOH IURP KWWSZZZRIPFDSNHUDODRUJ
,Q WKLV UHVHDUFK P\ DLP LV WR RXWOLQH WKH WKRXJKWV RI 3RSH )UDQFLV H[SUHVVHG LQ KLV ILUVW
WZR GRFXPHQWV DQG LQ WKDW OLJKW XQGHUVWDQG WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD DQG LWV FKDOOHQJHV
WRGD\ , GR QRW FODLP WKLV ZRUN DV FRPSOHWH DQG ILQDO $V WKH WLWOH RI WKLV ERRN
LQGLFDWHV RQH FDQ H[SHULHQFH SURIRXQG MR\ ZKHQ RQH EHOLHYHV WUXWKIXOO\ DQG SUDFWLFHV
LW VLQFHUHO\ 7KH SDSDO GRFXPHQWV LQYLWH WKH IDLWKIXO WR H[SHULHQFH WKDW MR\ DQG WR
VKDUH LW ZLWK WKH IHOORZ EHLQJV 7KH PRGHUQ DQG SRVWPRGHUQ GHYHORSPHQWV OHG WKH
KXPDQNLQG WR D FXOWXUH RI DQRQ\PLW\ LPSHUVRQDO UHODWLRQV DQG WR DQ LQKXPDQ
RULHQWDWLRQ IRU SURILW DQG SHUVRQDO EHQHILWV LJQRULQJ WKH RWKHU 8WLOLWDULDQ
REMHFWLILFDWLRQ RI IHOORZ KXPDQV PDUNHG WKLV FXOWXUH +HUH LV KHDUG D GLIIHUHQW DQG
YDULHG YRLFH WKH YRLFH RI 3RSH )UDQFLV ZKLFK LV FRQFHUQHG DERXW WKH SRRU DQG WKH
PDUJLQDOL]HG
0HWKRGRORJ\ DQG 3URFHGXUH
,Q WKLV UHVHDUFK , KDYH GLVFXVVHG WKH QHHG IRU WUXWKIXO DFWLRQ LQ KULVWLDQ OLIH LQ WKH
SUHVHQW GD\ VRFLHW\ ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKH ILUVW WZR SDSDO GRFXPHQWV E\ 3RSH )UDQFLV
Lumen fidei
DQG Evangelii gaudium +HUH P\ DWWHPSW LV WR HVWDEOLVK WKH QHFHVVLW\ RI
OLYLQJ D IDLWKIXO KULVWLDQ OLIH ZLWK UHIHUHQFH WR WKH :RUG RI *RG DQG 7UDGLWLRQ LQ
,QGLD 7KLV ZRUN XVHV D GHVFULSWLYH DQDO\WLFDO DQG LQYHVWLJDWLYH VW\OH WKURXJKRXW ZRUN
WR HVWDEOLVK WKH WKHVLV , WU\ WR SUHVHQW WKH YLVLRQ DQG PHVVDJH RI WKH HQF\FOLFDOV
WKURXJK DQ DQDO\WLFDO VWXG\ RI WKHP DQG WKHQ ZLOO WU\ WR SURSRVH SUDFWLFDO DSSOLFDWLRQV
ZLWK D IRFXV RQ WKH KXUFK LQ WKH ,QGLDQ FRQWH[W $ FRQWH[WXDO PHWKRG LV XVHG KHUH WR
XQGHUVWDQG WKH UHOHYDQFH RI WKH GRFXPHQW WRGD\ LQ ,QGLD 7KLV UHVHDUFK DOVR
LQYHVWLJDWHV WKH SRVVLEOH FKDOOHQJHV SRVHG E\ WKH GRFXPHQWV LQ WKH ,QGLDQ FRQWH[W DQG
DQDO\VHV LW ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKH GRFXPHQWV WR UHDFK SUDFWLFDO DQG ZRUNDEOH VROXWLRQV
7KH ILUVW FKDSWHU FODULILHV WKH WLWOH DQG LWV ELEOLFDO DQG WKHRORJLFDO H[SODQDWLRQV WKURXJK
DQ DQDO\WLFDO DQG GHVFULSWLYH VW\OH ,W DQDO\VHV WKH IDLWK IURP D ELEOLFDO DQG HFFOHVLDO
SHUVSHFWLYH LQ UHODWLRQ WR MR\ RI OLYLQJ RQH¶V IDLWK DV D VKDULQJ LQ D JUDFHILOOHG
PDQQHU $IWHU H[SORULQJ WKH LQWHUFRQQHFWLYLW\ RI IDLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ DQG WKH
SRVWPRGHUQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI UHOLJLRQ , SXW P\ HIIRUWV WR H[SORUH WKH KULVWLDQ
PHDQLQJ RI IDLWK ZLWK 27 DQG 17 SHUFHSWLRQV RI IDLWK DQG WR XQGHUVWDQG 1HZ
(YDQJHOL]DWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ FRQWH[W 7KH 9DWLFDQ ,, XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG WKH
LGHD RI SURFODPDWLRQ RI WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG FKDULW\ DQG MXVWLFH DVSHFWV HWF ZLOO EH
VWXGLHG IRU WKH FODULW\ RI WKH UHVHDUFK 7KH VWXG\ DOVR ORRNV LQWR SRVVLELOLWLHV WR
HIIHFWLYHO\ FRPPXQLFDWH WKH PHVVDJH RI ORYH RI *RG LQ WKH SRVWPRGHUQ DJH DQG WKH
MR\ RI VKDULQJ LW
7KH VHFRQG DQG WKH WKLUG FKDSWHUV PDNH DQ HYDOXDWLYH DQG FULWLFDO VWXG\ RI Lumen
fidei
DQG Evangelii gaudium 7KH WKHRORJLFDO ELEOLFDO DQG HFFOHVLDO EDVLV LV DUULYHG
WKURXJK D FULWLFDO DQDO\VLV $WWHPSWV DUH PDGH WR VXPPDULVH RU KLJKOLJKW WKH LPSRUWDQW
WKHPHV RI WKHVH GRFXPHQWV , WULHG WR DQDO\VH WKH GRFXPHQW ZLWK KHOS RI VWXGLHV E\
SHRSOH RI YDULRXV ZDONV RI OLIH IRU WKH SHUIHFWLRQ RI WKH VWXG\ , DOVR DWWHPSWHG WR
XQGHUVWDQG WKH UHOHYDQFH RI WKHVH GRFXPHQWV LQ WKH SRVWPRGHUQ VHFXODULVW DQG WKH
DOOHQFRPSDVVLQJ JOREDOL]HG FXOWXUH DQG WKH HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ HIIRUWV RI WKH KXUFK LQ
FRQWHPSRUDU\ ZRUOG , IHOW WKDW WKH VHFRQG DQG WKLUG FKDSWHUV ZKLFK DQDO\VH WKH
GRFXPHQWV QHHGHG PXFK DWWHQWLRQ WR H[SUHVV WKH PHVVDJH RI WKH GRFXPHQWV FRUUHFWO\
ZLWKRXW ORVLQJ DQ\ RI WKH GHHS WKHRORJLFDO LQVLJKWV 6R WKHVH FKDSWHUV DUH UDWKHU ORQJ
:LWK WKH LQVLJKWV IURP WKH SUHYLRXV FKDSWHUV WKH IRXUWK FKDSWHU LV VHW DVLGH WR GLVFXVV
WKH FKDOOHQJHV SRVHG E\ WKH HQF\FOLFDOV DQG WKH LPSOLFDWLRQV LQ WKH SUHVHQW GD\ KXUFK
LQ ,QGLD , WU\ WR DSSO\ DQDO\WLFDO DQG GHVFULSWLYH VW\OH WR VWXG\ WKH KXUFK DQG LWV
FKDOOHQJHV LQ WKH PXOWLUHOLJLRXV DQG SRYHUW\VWULFNHQ ,QGLDQ VLWXDWLRQ 7KH HPHUJLQJ
FXOWXUH LQ ,QGLD LV JUHDWO\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ WKH JOREDOL]DWLRQ LGHDOV PDVV PHGLD DQG
LQWHUQHW DQG WKH\ DUH SURYLGLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHV DV ZHOO DV FKDOOHQJHV WR WUDGLWLRQDO
,QGLDQ FXOWXUHV DQG YDOXHV 7KH FDVWH V\VWHP FRUUXSWLRQ H[SORLWDWLRQ RI ZRPHQ DQG
WKH SRRU IXQGDPHQWDOLVP DQG WHUURULVP HWF DIIHFW WKH ,QGLDQ FXOWXUH (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ
PHDQV FRRSHUDWLQJ ZLWK WKH OLEHUDWLQJ ZRUN RI WKH 6SLULW ZKLFK LV H[SHULHQFLQJ *RG¶V
ORYH DQG ORYLQJ +LP LQ UHWXUQ WKURXJK D OLIH RI VKDULQJ WKH MR\ RI WKH *RVSHO E\
SUDFWLFLQJ WKDW ORYH ,W LV WKH PHVVDJH RI WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG 7KH KULVWLDQV KDYH WR
WDNH XS WKH FKDOOHQJHV SRVHG E\ 3RSH )UDQFLV WKURXJK KLV GRFXPHQWV WR MR\IXOO\ OLYH
RXW WKH IDLWK ZLWK D QHZ HQWKXVLDVP ± WKH VWXG\ KLJKOLJKWV
6RPH RI P\ SHUVRQDO UHIOHFWLRQV DQG LQVLJKWV FDQ EH VHHQ DORQJ ZLWK WKH JHQHUDO
FRQFOXVLRQ 7KH VWXG\ KLJKOLJKWV WKDW WKH KXUFK FDQ PHDQLQJIXOO\ DQG HIIHFWLYHO\
SUDFWLFH WKH *RVSHO PHVVDJH LQ WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ ,QGLD ZKHQ LW IROORZV WKH UHDO
PHVVDJH RI -HVXV 3RSH )UDQFLV LQYLWHV WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD WR WDNH XS WKH FKDOOHQJHV
RI WKH *RVSHO
6FRSH
7KLV ERRN IRFXVHV RQ WKH MR\IXO OLYLQJ RI KULVWLDQ IDLWK LQ ,QGLD WRGD\ 7KH SDSDO
GRFXPHQWV VKHG OLJKW RQ WKH DXWKHQWLF OLYLQJ RI WKH H[SHULHQFH RI SHUVRQDO HQFRXQWHU
RI KULVW -HVXV DQG WKH MR\ RI VKDULQJ WKDW H[SHULHQFH HIIHFWLYHO\ 7KH UHVHDUFK
DWWHPSWV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD LQ WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ DJH 7KLV FRYHUV WKH
LPSDFW RI WKH GRFXPHQWV RI 3RSH )UDQFLV LQ WKH ,QGLDQ KXUFK LQ WKH DUHDV RI
HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ VRFLDO FRPPLWPHQW LQFXOWXUDWLRQ DQG LQWHUUHOLJLRXV GLDORJXH
SURSKHWLF LQYROYHPHQW HWF
6LJQLILFDQFH
7KLV ERRN SURYLGHV WKH LPSOLFDWLRQV RI WKH IDLWK SUDFWLFHG LQ FKDULW\ DQG WKH MR\ RI
SURFODLPLQJ LW LQ D WUXWKIXO PDQQHU 7KLV ERRN GLVFXVVHV WKH FKDOOHQJHV DQG ZD\V WR
IDFH WKH FKDOOHQJHV WR EH WUXWKIXO E\ EHLQJ LQ ORYH DQG IDLWK ,W ZLOO SURYLGH D FOHDU
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WR OLYH WKH IDLWK UHO\LQJ XSRQ *RG¶V SURYLGHQFH DQG PHUF\ DQG ZLOO
HQDEOH WKH KXUFK WR ZRUN IRU WKH KROLVWLF GHYHORSPHQW RI KXPDQLW\ ,W DOVR KLJKOLJKWV
VRPH RI WKH FKDOOHQJHV RI WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD DQG RIIHUV VRPH LQVLJKWV IRU WKH LQWHJUDO
JURZWK RI WKH KXUFK LQ WKH OLJKW RI H[KRUWDWLRQV RI 3RSH )UDQFLV ,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR
XQGHUVWDQG VRPH RI WKH FKDOOHQJHV FRQIURQWHG E\ WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD LQ WKH
FRQWHPSRUDU\ DJH DQG LW KHOSV WR UHQHZ WKH KXUFK SUDFWLFHV DQG LPSURYH WKH
PHWKRGV RI HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH QHHG RI WKH KRXU ZKLFK ZLOO KHOS WKH
VWXGHQWV RI WKHRORJ\ DQG LQWHUHVWHG EHOLHYHUV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH ,QGLDQ VLWXDWLRQ DQG
SUDFWLFH WKH PHVVDJH RI WKH *RVSHO MR\IXOO\ E\ VKDULQJ WKH MR\ RI WKH *RVSHO 7KLV
ERRN DOVR UHPLQGV WKDW RXW RI WKH H[SHULHQFH RI D SHUVRQDO HQFRXQWHU ZLWK -HVXV HYHU\
KULVWLDQ KDV WR HQJDJH ZLWK D UHQHZHG YLJRXU LQ VSUHDGLQJ WKH MR\ RI WKH *RVSHO DQG
WR EHFRPH VSLULWILOOHG PLVVLRQDULHV
/LPLWDWLRQV
7KH VXEMHFW µ(YDQJHOL]DWLRQ¶ KDV JRW DQ XQOLPLWHG VFRSH RI UHVHDUFK , DFNQRZOHGJH
WKDW WKLV ZRUN LV OLPLWHG WR VRPH DVSHFWV RI WKH ,QGLDQ VLWXDWLRQ LQ WKH OLJKW RI WKH ILUVW
WZR GRFXPHQWV RI 3RSH )UDQFLV 7KHVH GRFXPHQWV DUH RI JUHDW LPSRUWDQFH 7KH ILUVW
RQH Lumen fidei VHUYHV DV WKH WKHRORJLFDO EDFNJURXQG DQG EDVLV IRU Evangelii
gaudium
WKH VHFRQG GRFXPHQW
, DOVR DGPLW WKDW OLNH DQ\ RWKHU UHVHDUFKHU RI WKHRORJ\ , WRR ORRN WR 3RSH )UDQFLV IRU
FODULW\ RI KLV YLVLRQ WKHRORJ\ KULVWRORJ\ HFFOHVLRORJ\ HWF DQG LW LV WRR HDUO\ WR
PDNH D WKRURXJK MXGJHPHQW RI KLV GRFXPHQWV QRZ
, DOVR XQGHUVWDQG WKDW WKH VWXG\ RI WKH ,QGLDQ KXUFK LV D YDVW DUHD RI UHVHDUFK DQG
WKLV ZRUN LV OLPLWHG WR FHUWDLQ DUHDV RI LPSRUWDQFH ZKLFK PD\ QRW EH VR LPSRUWDQW IRU
RWKHUV ,W GRHV QRW PHDQ WKDW RWKHU DUHDV DUH QRW LPSRUWDQW EXW WKH WLPH FRQVWUDLQWV
DQG VRPH RWKHU UHDVRQV OLPLWHG PH IURP JRLQJ IXUWKHU $OVR , DFFHSW WKDW WKH
LQDGHTXDFLHV RFFXUUHG EHFDXVH RI P\ SHUVRQDO OLPLWDWLRQV , DP ORRNLQJ IRUZDUG WKDW
WKH KXUFK LQ ,QGLD ILOOHG ZLWK WKH MR\ RI WKH IDLWK DQG *RVSHO ZLOO HQJDJH LQ WKH
HYDQJHOL]LQJ WDVN RI MR\IXO VKDULQJ DQG PHDQLQJIXO SUD[LV
+$37(5
$3352$+,1* )$,7+ )520 7+( %,%/,$/ $1' (/(6,$/
3(563(7,9(
,1752'87,21
)DLWK KDV PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDO DQG PXOWLIDFHWHG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ,W LV QRW DQ HDV\ WDVN WR
GHILQH IDLWK DQG LWV LPSOLFDWLRQV :H DUH OLYLQJ LQ D ZRUOG ZKHUH IDLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ
RIWHQ ORVH FUHGLELOLW\ GXH WR PDQ\ IDFWRUV OLNH ODFN RI FRUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WZR WKH
DOLHQDWLRQ IURP WKH OLIH VLWXDWLRQ UHOLJLRXV IXQGDPHQWDOLVP HWF )UDJPHQWHG ZRUOG
YLHZV DQG SRVWPRGHUQ WKRXJKW SDWWHUQV WHPSW WKH FRPPRQHU WR WKLQN DQG DFW DJDLQVW
UHOLJLRQ DQG UHOLJLRXV LGHDV RI *RG XOWXUDO LQIOXHQFHV LQVWLWXWLRQDO RSSUHVVLRQ DQG
V\VWHPLF YLROHQFH GULYH WKHP DZD\ IURP UHOLJLRQ IDLWK DQG RWKHU VRFLDO VWUXFWXUHV
7KH FRPPXQLWDULDQ DVSHFW LV ORVW QHJOHFWHG DQG HYHQ VXEYHUWHG DQG GHVWUXFWLYH
WHQGHQFLHV DQG LUUHVSRQVLEOH EHKDYLRXU KDYH FRPH WR WKH IRUH
7KH VRFLDO DQG FXOWXUDO
FKDQJHV KDYH OHG WR XQZLOOLQJQHVV WR EHOLHYH LQ D WRWDO DQG XQFRQGLWLRQDO IDVKLRQ DV RI
WKH SDVW KULVWLDQV KDYH QRW EHHQ DEOH WR NHHS LQ WKHLU FRPPXQLW\ WKH IDLWK ZKLFK
XVHG WR QRXULVK DQG HQHUJL]H DOO RWKHU DFWLRQV RI OLIH Instrumentum laboris VD\V LQ LWV
VHYHQWK SDUDJUDSK WKDW KULVWLDQ IDLWK KDV SUDFWLFDOO\ FHDVHG WR FRQWULEXWH WR WKH XS
EXLOGLQJ RI VRFLHW\ DQG FXOWXUH
,Q VXFK D FRQWH[W WKHUH LV D PDQ ZKR LV VSHDNLQJ
DERXW IDLWK DQG HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH FRPPRQ PDQ DQG KLV OLIH
VLWXDWLRQ DQG KH LV YHU\ PXFK DSSUHFLDWHG DQG DFFHSWHG E\ WKH SXEOLF ± 3RSH )UDQFLV
7KH KXUFK KDV D PLVVLRQ ,W LV WR SUHDFK WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG DV -HVXV GLG DQG WR
EULQJ LW DERXW LQ WKH OLYHV RI DOO SHRSOHV HVSHFLDOO\ WR WKH RQH ZKR LV DW WKH RXWHU HGJH
RI WKH VRFLHW\ 7KH YHU\ DFWLYLW\ RI WKH KXUFK LH HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ LV WKDW PLVVLRQ
3RSH 3DXO 9, LQ KLV $SRVWROLF ([KRUWDWLRQ Evangelii nuntiandi WHDFKHV WKDW WKH
ZKROH PHDQLQJ RI HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ LV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH ZLWQHVV DQG PLVVLRQ RI -HVXV
'LDUPXLG 2¶0XUFKX Quantum Theology: Spiritual Implications of the New Physics 1HZ RUN
URVV 5RDG 3XEOLVKLQJ RPSDQ\ UHSULQW 5HYLVHG DQG 8SGDWHG (GLWLRQ
'LRQ\VLXV 5DVTXLQKD ³7KH 0HDQLQJ DQG KDUHFWHULVWLFV RI 1HZ (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ DQG LWV
,PSOLFDWLRQV IRU WKH KXUFK LQ -KDUNKDQG 3DUW ´ LQ In Christo YRO QR
Insrumentum laboris
LV DQ RIILFLDO 9DWLFDQ GRFXPHQW SUHSDUHG IRU WKH
WK
6\QRG RI %LVKRSV
*HQHUDO $VVHPEO\ RQ ³7KH 1HZ (YDQJHOL]DWLRQ IRU WKH 7UDQVPLVVLRQ RI WKH KULVWLDQ )DLWK´
+HUHDIWHU ,/ ZLOO EH XVHG WR LQGLFDWH Instrumentum laboris.
KULVW ZKR SURFODLPHG WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG VDOYDWLRQ DQG OLEHUDWLRQ 7KLV
FKDSWHU LV DERXW WR DQDO\VH WKH IDLWK IURP WKH ELEOLFDO DQG HFFOHVLDO SHUVSHFWLYH LQ
UHODWLRQ WR MR\ RI OLYLQJ RQH¶V IDLWK DV D VKDULQJ LQ D JUDFHILOOHG PDQQHU ,Q WKLV
FKDSWHU , WULHG WR H[SODLQ WKH LQWHUFRQQHFWLYLW\ RI IDLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ DQG WKH
SRVWPRGHUQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI UHOLJLRQ , DOVR DWWHPSWHG WR H[SORUH WKH KULVWLDQ
PHDQLQJ RI IDLWK ZLWK 27 DQG 17 SHUFHSWLRQ RI IDLWK DV MR\IXO VKDULQJ -R\IXO VKDULQJ
RI WKH IDLWK DV HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ LV WKH KHDUW RI WKH FKDSWHU ZKLFK LV H[SORUHG ZLWK WKH
9DWLFDQ ,, XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG WKH LGHD RI SURFODPDWLRQ RI WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG FKDULW\
DQG MXVWLFH JR WRJHWKHU ZLWK HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ DQG LW GHPDQGV D QHZ HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ LQ
WKH QHZ ZRUOG
)$,7+ $1' 5(/,*,21 ± ,17(5211(7,9,7
)DLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ DUH WKH WZR LPSRUWDQW UHDOLWLHV LQ KXPDQ OLIH 7KH\ FDQQRW EH
GHILQHG SUHFLVHO\ DQG FRPSUHKHQVLYHO\ 7KH EHVW NQRZQ GHILQLWLRQ IRU IDLWK LV ³WKH
DVVXUDQFHV RI WKLQJV KRSHG IRU WKH FRQYLFWLRQ RI WKLQJV QRW VHHQ´ +HE (YHQ
WKRXJK WKLV FRPHV IURP WKH KULVWLDQ VFULSWXUHV LW LV ZLGHO\ DSSOLHG WR WKH EURDG
VSHFWUXP RI UHOLJLRQV DQG UHOLJLRXV WUDGLWLRQV ,Q LWV PRVW IXQGDPHQWDO VHQVH IDLWK KDV
EHHQ GHILQHG DV IDLWKIXOQHVV DQG DQ DWWULEXWH RI GLYLQH DQG RI EHOLHYHUV RI GLYLQH
)DLWK DV SHU WKH WUDGLWLRQDO KULVWLDQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ LV WKH DFW RI EHOLHYLQJ *RG
7KLV
LV IXQGDPHQWDO WR UHOLJLRQ DQG UHOLJLRXV OLIH µ)DLWK¶ DQG µWR EHOLHYH¶ DUH XVHG LQ DQ
LQWHUFRQQHFWHG PDQQHU LQ UHOLJLRXV ZULWLQJV The Catechism of the Catholic Church
FRQVLGHUV IDLWK DV ³DQ HQWLUHO\ IUHH JLIW IURP *RG WR KXPDQNLQG´ 7LP 7R
OLYH JURZ DQG SHUVHYHUH LQ WKLV IDLWK XQWLO WKH HQG ZH QHHG WR QRXULVK LW ZLWK WKH
:RUG RI *RG
)URP WKH YHU\ EHJLQQLQJ IDLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ DUH
LQWHUWZLQHG +XPLOLW\ LV RQH RI WKH HVVHQWLDO YLUWXHV WR JURZ LQ IDLWK 3UD\HU LV WKH
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK *RG 6W 7HUHVD RI $YLOD FRUUHFWO\ FRPPHQWV WKDW WKH SURXG PDQ
QHYHU SUD\V
5HOLJLRQ LV DQ RUJDQL]HG FROOHFWLRQ RI EHOLHIV FXOWXUDO V\VWHPV DQG ZRUOG YLHZV WKDW
UHODWH KXPDQLW\ WR DQ RUGHU RI H[LVWHQFH 7KH ZRUG religion LV VRPHWLPHV XVHG
-DURVODY 3HOLNDQ ³)DLWK´ LQ The Encyclopedia of Religion, HG
7 2¶%ULHQ ³)DLWK 5 7KHRORJ\´ LQ Encyclopedic Dictionary of Religion HG
5DYHHQ 3HUHUD ³*URZLQJ LQ )DLWK KDOOHQJHV RI 9DWLFDQ RXQFLO 7RGD\´ LQ Living Faith YRO
QR LL
LQWHUFKDQJHDEO\ ZLWK IDLWK EHOLHI V\VWHP RU VRPHWLPHV VHW RI GXWLHV KRZHYHU LQ WKH
ZRUGV RI (PLOH 'XUNKHLP UHOLJLRQ GLIIHUV IURP SULYDWH EHOLHI LQ WKDW LW LV µVRPHWKLQJ
HPLQHQWO\ VRFLDO¶ 5HOLJLRQ PRVWO\ LV XQGHUVWRRG RU HYHQ XQGHUVFRUHG DV D
FRPPXQLW\ RI IDLWKIXO ZLWK VSHFLILF V\VWHP RI EHOLHIV ,W LV DQ RUJDQL]HG FROOHFWLRQ RI
EHOLHIV FXOWXUDO V\VWHPV DQG ZRUOG YLHZV WKDW UHODWH KXPDQLW\ WR DQ RUGHU RI
H[LVWHQFH
7KH HW\PRORJ\ RI WKH /DWLQ ZRUG religio LV GLVSXWHG 7KHUH DUH VFKRODUV
ZKR WULHG WR FRQQHFW WKLV ZRUG ZLWK RWKHU /DWLQ WHUPV relegere, religare, reeligere,
relinquere,
EXW QR DFFRUG KDV EHHQ UHDFKHG H[FHSW VRPH SHUVRQDO LGHDV E\ WKH
VFKRODUV ,W LV YHU\ GLIILFXOW WR GHILQH UHOLJLRQ LQ D FRPSUHKHQVLYH PDQQHU %XW ZH
FDQQRW GHQ\ WKH IDFW WKDW LW KDV D ELQGLQJ IRUFH
7KH ZKROH RI KXPDQNLQG LQ RQH ZD\
RU RWKHU LV FRQQHFWHG WR UHOLJLRQ DQG IDLWK
3
26702'(51
5
(/,*,21
3RVWPRGHUQLVP LV D FRPSOH[ SKHQRPHQRQ ZKLFK FDQQRW EH HDVLO\ GHILQHG ,W LV D
UHDFWLRQ DJDLQVW PRGHUQLW\ 3URSRQHQWV RI 3RVWPRGHUQLVP ILQG WKH OLIH ZH OHDG WRGD\
WKH RXWFRPH RI PRGHUQLW\ XQUHDO DQG LQKXPDQ DQG PDQ\ D WLPH LOOXVLYH 7KH\ ZDQW
WR GHYHORS D QHZ ZD\ RI ORRNLQJ DW WKH EDVLF WHQDQWV RI OLIH DQG D GLIIHUHQW ZD\ RI
EHLQJ UHOLJLRXV 7KH\ ORRN IRUZDUG WR D UHOLJLRQ WKDW LV IUHH IURP WKH JUDQG QDUUDWLYHV
RI ERWK WUDGLWLRQ DQG WKDW RI WKH PRGHUQLW\
5HOLJLRQ IRU WKHP LV DQ H[SHULHQFH
ZKLFK FDQQRW EH H[SODLQHG E\ SURSRVLWLRQV ,W LV ORYH RI *RG WKDW KDV WR EH OLYHG LQ
VSLULW DQG WUXWK ,W LV WUXWK WKDW LV VKDUHG LQ QDUUDWLYHV DQG QRW NQRZOHGJH QRU FRJQLWLYH
DQG HSLVWHPLF LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KH TXHVWLRQ KHUH LV how it does DQG QRW what it is ,W LV
SUD[LV RULHQWHG DSSURDFK DQG QRW PHUHO\ H[LVWV LQ DQ LGHRORJLFDO OHYHO
3RVWPRGHUQLVWV QHYHU KROG WKH SULQFLSOH RI SHUPDQHQF\ (YHU\ VRFLHW\ DFFRUGLQJ WR
WKHP LV LQ D VWDWH RI FRQVWDQW IOX[ DQG WKHUH DUH RQO\ UHODWLYH YDOXHV 7KH\ GR QRW KROG
DQ\ DEVROXWH YDOXHV
3RVWPRGHUQLVWV UHMHFW WKH LGHD RI UHOLJLRQ DV DQ LQVWLWXWLRQ IRU
$XWKRU DQRQ\PRXV ³5HOLJLRQ´ DFFHVVHG RQ
WK
-DQ DYDLODEOH IURP KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJ
ZLNL5HOLJLRQ $ JOREDO VXUYH\ FRQGXFWHG LQ UHSRUWV WKDW RI WKH ZRUOG¶V SRSXODWLRQ
LV UHOLJLRXV DQG DUH QRW UHOLJLRXV LQFOXGLQJ ZKR DUH DWKHLVWV ZLWK D GHFUHDVH LQ
UHOLJLRXV EHOLHI IURP
- *RHW] ³5HOLJLRQ´ LQ New Catholic Encyclopaedia 9RO HG
-RH $UXQ ³7KH 3RVWPRGHUQ *RG :D\V RI %HLQJ 5HOLJLRXV LQ WKH 3RVW 0RGHUQ :RUOG´ LQ
Vidyajyoti Journal of Theological Reflections
YRO QR 7KH DXWKRU XVHV WKH
ZRUG µSRVWPRGHUQV¶ WR LQGLFDWH SHRSOH ZKR EHORQJ WR WKH SRVWPRGHUQ LGHRORJ\ $V WKH WHUP LV
UHODWLYHO\ QHZ DQG FRQIXVLQJ LQ UHJXODU XVDJH , KDYH DYRLGHG LW
-RH $UXQ ³7KH 3RVWPRGHUQ *RG´
PRUDO SROLFLQJ )RU WKHP UHOLJLRQ LV FUHDWHG DOWHUHG UHQHZHG LQ IRUPDO LQWHUDFWLRQV
EHWZHHQ KXPDQ EHLQJV DQG QRW JLYHQ LPDJHV DQG LGHDV RI *RG DUH PDQXIDFWXUHG LQ
KXPDQ DFWLYLW\ WKHUH LV QR µULJKW¶ RU µZURQJ¶ UHOLJLRQ ± QR VDQFWLI\LQJ DJHQF\ WKHUH
DUH DV PDQ\ DV WKHUH DUH JURXSV DQG LQWHUDFWLRQV DQG WKH\ PHUJH DQG MRLQ GLYLGH DQG
VHSDUDWH RYHU DQG RYHU DJDLQ )RU WKHP VRFLDO DFWLRQ LV µUHOLJLRXV¶ DFWLRQ 7KH\ FRPH
WRJHWKHU WR EULQJ DERXW WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG RQ HDUWK ZLWKRXW ERWKHULQJ DERXW ZKR
*RG LV RU ZKHWKHU *RG LV
7KXV WKH SRVWPRGHUQLVP FKDOOHQJHV WKH WUDGLWLRQDO
UHOLJLRQV WR SURYH WKH IDLWK LQ WKH SUHVHQW FRQWH[W
,Q VKRUW SRVWPRGHUQ UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFH SURYLGHV DQ H[SHULHQFH RI LQVWLWXWLRQDOL]HG
UHOLJLRQ ZLWKRXW EHLQJ EHORQJLQJ WR D SDUWLFXODU UHOLJLRQ 7KH\ ZDQWHG UHOLJLRQV
DFFRUGLQJ WR OLIIRUG *HHUW] ZKLFK IXQFWLRQ ³ DV V\VWHPV RI V\PEROV ZKLFK DFW
WR HVWDEOLVK SRZHUIXO SHUYDVLYH DQG ORQJODVWLQJ PRRGV DQG PRWLYDWLRQV LQ PHQ E\
IRUPXODWLQJ FRQFHSWLRQV RI D JHQHUDO RUGHU RI H[LVWHQFH DQG FORWKLQJ WKHVH
FRQFHSWLRQV ZLWK VXFK DQ DXUD RI IDFWXDOLW\ WKDW WKH PRRGV DQG PRWLYDWLRQV VHHP
XQLTXHO\ UHDOLVWLF´
,Q WKH SRVWPRGHUQ DJH WKH KXUFK QHHGV WR DGRSW LQQRYDWLYH
VWUDWHJLHV DQG DFFRPPRGDWH WKH DVSLUDWLRQV RI WKH SHRSOH WR HIIHFWLYHO\ FRPPXQLFDWH
WKH PHVVDJH RI ORYH RI *RG WKH .LQJGRP RI *RG )DLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ DUH
LQWHUFRQQHFWHG WR D FHUWDLQ H[WHQW ,Q KULVWLDQLW\ IDLWK DQG UHOLJLRQ JR WRJHWKHU DQG LW
LV D FRPPXQLW\ RI IDLWKIXO KULVWLDQLW\ LV QRW D VHW RI V\VWHPV DQG EHOLHIV LW LV
FRPPXQLW\ RI IDLWKIXO OLYLQJ WKH H[SHULHQFH RI WKH ORYH RI *RG PDQLIHVWHG LQ WKH
SHUVRQ RI -HVXV 7KH 7ULQLWDULDQ H[SHULHQFH RI ORYH LV WKH EDVLV IRU WKH KULVWLDQ OLYLQJ
:H GLVFXVV WKH KULVWLDQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI IDLWK QRZ
3
5$*0$7,60
+
3(5
5($/,60 $1'
9
,578$/,7
3UDJPDWLVP RQH RI WKH PRVW LQIOXHQWLDO SKLORVRSKLHV GHYHORSHG LQ WKH
WK
FHQWXU\
$PHULFD LV D GRFWULQH DFFRUGLQJ WR ZKLFK WUXWK KDV WR EH HQWLUHO\ DW WKH VHUYLFH RI
PDQ¶V GHYHORSPHQW ,W LV IRFXVHG RQ WKH SUDFWLFDOLW\ RI HDFK QRWLRQ DQG WKH ZD\V RI
ILQGLQJ SUDFWLFDO VROXWLRQV WR D SDUWLFXODU SUREOHP 7KLV DSSURDFK KDV LQIOXHQFHG YHU\
-RH $UXQ ³7KH 3RVWPRGHUQ *RG´ 3RVWPRGHUQLVWV KROG WKH YLHZ WKDW LQ D ZRUOG ZKHUH
WKHUH LV QR REMHFWLYHO\ H[LVWLQJ *RG µRXW WKHUH¶ DQG ZKHUH WKH HODERUDWH VRFLRORJLFDO DQG
SV\FKRORJLFDO WKHRULHV RI UHOLJLRQ GR QRW VHHP WR EH WUXH WKH LGHD RI UHOLJLRQ DV WKH WRWDOLW\ RI
UHOLJLRXV H[SHULHQFHV KDV VRPH DSSHDO
-RH $UXQ ³7KH 3RVWPRGHUQ *RG´ 6HH DOVR OLIIRUG *HHUW] The Interpretation of Cultures
1HZ RUN %DVLF %RRNV
PXFK LQ WKH UHOLJLRVLW\ DQG GDLO\ OLIH RI KXPDQNLQG 9LUWXDO UHDOLW\ LV ZKDW H[LVWV LQ
potentia
DQG QRW LQ DFW 7KH µYLUWXDO¶ LV RSSRVHG WR WKH IRUPDO DQG UHDO ,W GHOLYHUV WKH
LPDJLQDWLRQ WR FUHDWH ILFWLRQ DQG XWRSLD ZKRVH HIIHFWLYHQHVV LV FRQFHSWXDO 7KH
FRQWHPSRUDU\ KXPDQNLQG OLYH LQ D K\SHUUHDO ZRUOG ZKHUH LPDJHV VSHFWDFOHV DQG WKH
SOD\ RI VLJQV FRQVWUXFW WKH LGHQWLWLHV DQG WKH SHUFHSWLRQ RI WKH LQGLYLGXDOV
(QWHUWDLQPHQWV PHGLD VLPXODWLRQV 'LVQH\ODQG DQG DPXVHPHQW SDUNV PDOOV DQG
FRQVXPHU IDQWDV\ODQGV 79 VSRUWV DQG H[FXUVLRQV LQWR LGHDO ZRUOG DUH VRPH RI WKH
H[DPSOHV RI K\SHUUHDO FXOWXUH 3UDJPDWLVP RQH RI WKH PRVW LQIOXHQWLDO SKLORVRSKLHV
GHYHORSHG LQ $PHULFD LQ WKH
WK
FHQWXU\ LV D GRFWULQH DFFRUGLQJ WR ZKLFK WUXWK KDV WR
EH HQWLUHO\ DW WKH VHUYLFH RI PDQ¶V GHYHORSPHQW
9LUWXDO EHKDYLRXU DQG SUDJPDWLF
PHQWDOLWLHV EDGO\ LQIOXHQFH WKH UHOLJLRXV OLIH RI WKH SUHVHQW KXPDQ JHQHUDWLRQ
+5,67,$1 81'(567$1',1* 2) )$,7+
7KH KULVWLDQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI IDLWK LQFOXGHV WKH 2OG DQG 1HZ 7HVWDPHQW
XQGHUVWDQGLQJV DQG HFFOHVLDO XQGHUVWDQGLQJ )DLWK LQ WKH 27 DQG 17 LV WKH
IXQGDPHQWDO DQG DOO SHUYDVLYH FRQGLWLRQ RI KXPDQ SHUVRQV¶ UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK *RG
7KH ELEOLFDO QRWLRQ RI IDLWK LV FRPSOH[ DQG PRUH GHVFULSWLYH WKDQ GHILQLQJ
7KHUH LV
D IXQGDPHQWDO QDWXUH RI RULHQWDWLRQ LQ IDLWK )DLWK LV WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV LQ WKH KULVWLDQ
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ,W LV ERWK WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV RI *RG LQ *RG¶V GHDOLQJ ZLWK KXPDQV DQG WKH
IDLWK RI KXPDQ LQ UHVSRQVH WR *RG
KULVWLDQV JHQHUDOO\ XQGHUVWDQG IDLWK DV D JLIW RI
*RG E\ ZKLFK WKH IDLWKIXO REWDLQ *RG¶V VHOIFRPPXQLFDWLRQ LQ KULVW 6LQFH WKH
6HFRQG 9DWLFDQ RXQFLO WKHUH LV D FRQVFLRXV PRYH IURP SDVVLYH DQG EOLQG IDLWK WR DQ
DFWLYH DQG FRQVFLRXV IDLWK ZLWKLQ WKH DWKROLF KXUFK 7KHUH LV D SDUDGLJPDWLF VKLIW
IURP LQWHOOHFWXDO XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI IDLWK WR DQ H[LVWHQWLDO DQG SHUVRQDOLVWLF
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ LQ WKHRORJL]LQJ
,W LV D IDFW WKDW PDQ\ EHOLHYHUV KROG DQ DPELJXRXV
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI IDLWK WKHRORJ\ DQG GRFWULQH 7KH\ ILQG LW GLIILFXOW WR GLIIHUHQWLDWH
9LQFHQW .XQGXNXODP ³RQWHPSRUDU\ KDOOHQJHV IRU DWHFKHVLV 7RGD\´ LQ Kristu Jyoti YRO
QR
7KH DXWKRU LV FXUUHQWO\ WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI 3RQWLILFDO ,QVWLWXWH RI
7KHRORJ\ DQG 3KLORVRSK\ $OXYD .HUDOD 5LFKDUG 5RUW\ WKH PRVW UDGLFDO RI QHR
SUDJPDWLVWV XVHV WKH WHUP µ3UDJPDWLVW¶ LQ FRQWUDVW WR µUHDOLVW¶ -HDQ %DXGULOODUG
H[SODLQHG KRZ FRQWHPSRUDU\ PHQ VSHFLDOO\ WKH \RXQJVWHUV OLYH LQ WKH K\SHUUHDO ZRUOG
7 2¶%ULHQ ³)DLWK 5 7KHRORJ\´ LQ Encyclopedic Dictionary of Religion HG
-RVHSK 7KRQGLSDUDPELO ³)DLWK DQG ,WV ,PSOLFDWLRQV´ LQ Bible Bashyam YRO ;;;,; QR
- 3HOLNDQ ³)DLWK´ LQ Encyclopedic Dictionary of Religion HG
-RVHSK 7KRQGLSDUDPELO ³)DLWK DQG ,WV ,PSOLFDWLRQV´
SUHFLVHO\ $FFRUGLQJ WR $QVHOP µIDLWK VHHNLQJ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ¶ LV WKHRORJ\ 7KHRORJ\
LV WKH FULWLFDO UHIOHFWLRQ RI IDLWK DQG GRFWULQH LV WKH RIILFLDO WHDFKLQJ RI IDLWK )DLWK LV
GLVFLSOHVKLS
7KH IROORZLQJ LV D VWXG\ RI WKH 27 DQG 17 XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI IDLWK DQG
LWV LPSOLFDWLRQV
%
,%/,$/
3
(5(37,21 2)
)
$,7+
± 27 8
1'(567$1',1*
)DLWK LQGHHG LV DQ DFW RI LQWHOOHFW DVVHQWLQJ WR UHYHDOHG WUXWK %XW LQ WKH %LEOH *RG¶V
UHYHODWLRQ LV RIWFRQFHUQHG ZLWK WKH IXWXUH SURPLVHV RI *RG WR ,VUDHO )DLWK SOD\V DQ
LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ WKH VDOYDWLRQ KLVWRU\ RI KXPDQNLQG DV SHU WKH 27 XQGHUVWDQGLQJ 7KH
PRVW FRPPRQ +HEUHZ URRW XVHG WR H[SUHVV ,VUDHO¶V IDLWK LQ YHWH LV `mn ZKLFK
EDVLFDOO\ PHDQW ILUPQHVV FHUWDLQW\ UHOLDELOLW\ DQG WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV 7KH DGMHFWLYH
`emun
IDLWKIXO DV LQ 6DP WUXVWZRUWK\ DV LQ 3URY QRXQV `emuna
VWHDGLQHVV ([ VHFXULW\ 3V ILGHOLW\ IDLWKIXOQHVV 6DP +HE
DQG RIWHQ SUHGLFDWHG RI *RG DV LQ 'HXW 3V DQG `emet
WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV ([ -RV FRQVWDQF\ ILGHOLW\ IDLWKIXOQHVV *HQ
,V 3V WUXWK UHDOLW\ 'HXW -HU ,V
DQG WKH DGYHUE `amen 1XP 'HXW -HU $V D YHUE WKLV URRW
LV XVHG RQO\ LQ WKH UHIOH[LYH IRUP ne'man ZKLFK PHDQV µWR SURYH IDLWKIXO UHOLDEOH
WUXH¶ HWF *HQ 'HXW 6DP HWF
,VUDHO¶V IDLWK ZDV FORVHO\ FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH LGHD RI WUXVW LQ YHWH DQG DQRWKHU YHUE
ZDV XVHG WR FRQQRWH IDLWK betah ZKLFK PHDQV µWR IHHO VHFXUH WR UHO\ WR WUXVW¶ 'HXW
,V 6LPLODU YHUE XVHG WR H[SUHVV WKH LGHD RI IDLWK LV hasa ZKLFK GHQRWHV
µWR VHHN UHIXJH WR WUXVW¶ 'HXW -XG 6LQFH WKH ,VUDHOLWH¶V DWWLWXGH RI IDLWK
RIWHQ ORRNHG WR WKH IXWXUH +HEUHZ YHUEV PHDQLQJ WR KRSH ZHUH XVHG ZLWK DQ
LPSOLFDWLRQ RI IDLWK qawaqiwweh *HQ ,V yihel 3V
hikkeh ,V DOO RI ZKLFK ZLWK *RG DV WKH REMHFW VLJQLI\ WR ZDLW IRU
+LP ZLWK FRQILGHQFH DQG WR KRSH LQ +LP DQG WR EHOLHYH LQ +LV SURPLVHV
,Q WKH 27 $EUDKDP LV D W\SLFDO H[DPSOH RI IDLWK +H SXWV DOO KLV WUXVW LQ YHWH DQG
GRHV ZKDW YHWH VDLG *HQ KH VHW XS DQ DOWDU DQG FDOOHG XSRQ WKH QDPH RI
-RVHSK 7KRQGLSDUDPELO ³)DLWK DQG ,WV ,PSOLFDWLRQV´
+ 3LFNDU ³)DLWK´ LQ New Catholic Encyclopedia, HG
+ 3LFNDU ³)DLWK´ LQ New Catholic Encyclopedia, HG
YHWH
*HQ HYHQ DPRQJ WKH KDUGVKLSV RI OLIH KH KROGV IDVW WR KLV IDLWK *HQ
YHWH SURWHFWV $EUDKDP DQG 6DUDK IURP WKH KDUGVKLSV *HQ
OLIH RI IDLWK OHDGV WR D JHQHURXV RXWORRN ± KH H[KLELWV DQ H[WUDRUGLQDU\ JHQHURVLW\ WR
/RW *HQ $EUDKDP¶V H[SHULHQFH RI WKH /RUG OHDGV KLP WR LQWHUFHGH IRU
RWKHUV ± WKH FRQFHUQ *HQ )DLWK PHDQV SDWLHQWO\ ZDLW IRU WKH SURPLVHV
SRVLWLYHO\ *HQ $EUDKDP WUXVWHG LQ YHWH DQG YHWH¶V SURPLVHV HYHQ DW
WKH JUHDWHVW WULDO RI VDFULILFLQJ KLV VRQ ,VDDF *HQ 7KH WRWDO VXUUHQGHU DQG
FRPPLWPHQW WR WKH SURPLVHV RI YHWH PDGH $EUDKDP WKH IDWKHU RI IDLWK 17 FDUULHV
RXW WKH WUDGLWLRQDO DFFRXQW WKH 27 JLYHV DQG DFNQRZOHGJHV DQG SUDLVHV KLP DV DQ
H[DPSOH RI IDLWK 5RP DQG
7UDLWV RI 27 )DLWK
7KH WUDLWV RI IDLWK LQ WKH 27 SHUVSHFWLYH LV WKUHHIROG RYHQDQWDO IDLWK )DLWK DV )HDU
RI WKH /RUG DQG )DLWK DV 5HODWLRQVKLS
1.2.1.1.1 Covenantal Faith
7KH 27 XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI IDLWK LV DOZD\V OLQNHG ZLWK WKH FRYHQDQWV 7KHVH RYHQDQWDO
)DLWK LQFOXGH WKH FRYHQDQW ZLWK 1RDK $EUDKDP 0RVHV DQG ZLWK GLIIHUHQW NLQJV DQG
SURSKHWV 0RUHRYHU IDLWK LQ WKH 27 LV GHQRWLQJ D SHFXOLDU UHODWLRQVKLS hesed
H[LVWLQJ EHWZHHQ YHWH DQG ,VUDHO 7KH ZRUG hesed LWVHOI GHQRWHV WKH HQGXULQJ DVSHFW
RI UHODWLRQVKLS ZKHUH *RG LV LQ SDFW ZLWK ,VUDHO 7KH IDLWK RI ,VUDHO ZDV D SDUWLFXODU
IRUP RI OLIH RI D SHRSOH FKRVHQ E\ +LP DQG VWDQGLQJ LQ DFWLYH UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK +LP
7KH UHODWLRQVKLS RI ,VUDHO WR YHWH LV LQGLFDWHG E\ WKH YHUE he'emin ZKLFK PHDQV µWR
EHOLHYH¶ RIWHQ FRQWDLQHG DQ DVVHQW RI WKH PLQG FRQILGHQFH LQ WKH KHDUW DQG REHGLHQFH
LQ WKH ZLOO $EUDKDP UHPDLQHG VWURQJ LQ WKH IDLWK RI WKH SURPLVHV RI YHWH *HQ
5RP *DO -DV ,Q WKH %RRN RI ,VDLDK WKH SURSKHW ZDUQV ,VUDHO
WKDW WKH\ ZRXOG QRW VXUYLYH ZLWKRXW WKH IDLWK LQ YHWH
1.2.1.1.2 The Faith as the Fear of the Lord
7KH 27 UHIHUHQFHV WR IDLWK LPSO\ WKH IHDU RI WKH /RUG $OWKRXJK WKH WHUP yir'at YHWH
PHDQW WKH IHDU RI WKH /RUG LQ D WUDGLWLRQDO VHQVH ,V 3URY HWF LW
UDWKHU PHDQW UHYHUHQFH IRU YHWH WKH VWDQGLQJ LQ DZH RI +LP DQG WKHUHIRUH REH\LQJ
-RVHSK 7KRQGLSDUDPELO ³)DLWK DQG ,WV ,PSOLFDWLRQV´
+LV ZRUG RQ IDLWK DV LQ ([RGXV ³7KH\ IHDUHG WKH /RUG DQG EHOLHYHG LQ +LP´ ,W
LPSOLHV D FRQILGHQFH ZKHQ XVHG LQ 3VDOPV HWF
1.2.1.1.3 Faith as Relationship
%HOLHYH LQ YHWH RIWHQ PHDQV WR UHFRJQL]H DQG DFNQRZOHGJH WKH UHODWLRQVKLS WKDW +H
PDGH ZLWK ,VUDHO 7KLV LPSOLHV D UHFLSURFDO UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK YHWH DQG ,VUDHO 7KLV
UHODWLRQVKLS KDV IRU LWV REMHFW *RG¶V RPQLSRWHQFH +LV SXUSRVH LQ FKRRVLQJ +LV
SHRSOH +LV ORYH IRU WKHP )DLWK PHDQV WKH VXP WRWDO RI DOO WKH ZD\V E\ ZKLFK WKH
KXPDQNLQG H[SUHVV WKLV UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK *RG LQ WKHLU OLYHV 7KLV UHODWLRQVKLS ZDV WKH
ELQGLQJ IRUFH DPRQJ WKH PHPEHUV RI ,VUDHO 7KH FKRVHQ SHRSOH KDG WKHLU SDUWLFXODU
PDQQHU RI OLIH HVWDEOLVKHG WKURXJK WKHLU IDLWK ,V
17 3
(5(37,21 2)
)
$,7+
/
,9,1*
)
$,7+ $6
-
2)8/
6
+$5,1*
)DLWK LQ WKH 17 LV DOZD\V DQG HYHU\ZKHUH FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH KLVWRU\ RI VDOYDWLRQ 7R
EHOLHYH PHDQV WR DFNQRZOHGJH DQG KDYH IDLWK LQ WKH OLIH GHDWK DQG UHVXUUHFWLRQ RI
-HVXV KULVW WKH LQFDUQDWHG :RUG RI *RG 6RQ RI *RG DQG WR EHOLHYH LQ WKH
VLJQLILFDQFH RI WKHVH HYHQWV LQ WKH VDOYDWLRQ RI KXPDQNLQG 7KH DSRVWOHV DQG IROORZHUV
RI -HVXV SUHDFKHG WKHVH WUXWKV WR WKH PHQ DQG ZRPHQ RI DOO QDWLRQV WLOO WKH HQGV RI WKH
HDUWK 7KXV WKRVH ZKR EHOLHYHG EHFDPH D FRPPXQLW\ RI EHOLHYHUV DQG WKHUH FDPH
LQWR H[LVWHQFH D UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ KULVW DQG +LV IROORZHUV WKXV HQDEOLQJ D VWURQJ
ERQG DPRQJ WKHPVHOYHV
7KH PLVVLRQ RI WKH KXUFK LV WR SUHDFK KULVW DV WKH RQH
ZKR ZDV VHQW E\ WKH )DWKHU WR HVWDEOLVK .LQJGRP 7KLV PLVVLRQ RI WKH KXUFK LV D
FRQWLQXHG SURFHVV E\ ZKLFK KULVW LV SUHVHQWHG WR WKRVH ZKR KDYH QRW \HW KHDUG RI
KLP KULVW LV DW WKH FHQWUH RI *RG¶V SODQ RI VDOYDWLRQ ZKLFK LV DEVROXWHO\ DQG IUHHO\
JLYHQ WR KXPDQLW\ KULVW E\ KLV OLIH GHDWK DQG UHVXUUHFWLRQ DQG WKH HQGXULQJ
SUHVHQFH LQ WKH ZRUOG DFFRPSOLVK WKH ZRUN RI VDOYDWLRQ HQWUXVWHG WR KLP E\ WKH
)DWKHU 7KHUHIRUH LW LV WKH PLVVLRQ RI WKH KXUFK WR PDNH KULVW DQG KLV PHVVDJH
NQRZQ WR WKRVH ZKR GR QRW NQRZ KLP WKURXJK D OLIH RI VKDULQJ WKH MR\
-HVXV RQ WKH HYH RI KLV SDVVLRQ DVVXUHG 3HWHU ³, KDYH SUD\HG IRU \RX WKDW \RXU RZQ
IDLWK PD\ QRW IDLO´ /N :KHQ ZH JR GHHSHU LQWR WKH 17 LW EHFRPHV FOHDU WKDW
+ 3LFNDU ³)DLWK´ LQ New Catholic Encyclopedia, HG
+ 3LFNDU ³)DLWK´ LQ New Catholic Encyclopedia, HG
WKH WHVW RI IDLWK LV QRW VRPH LQQHU IHHOLQJ RI KDSSLQHVV RU FHUWDLQW\ EXW RXU FDSDFLW\ WR
JLYH RXUVHOYHV LQ ORYH WR RWKHU SHRSOH /RYH RQH DQRWKHU KDV EHFRPH WKH D[LRP RI WKH
FRPPXQLW\ /RYH DV LQ µVHUYLFH¶ QRW ORYH DV LQ µLW PDNHV PH IHHO JRRG¶ ³VHUYLQJ
RWKHU SDUWLFXODUO\ WKH SRRU DQG QHHG\ WKH RQHV GLVPLVVHG E\ VRFLHW\ WKRVH GHHPHG
XQZRUWK\ RI UHVSHFWDELOLW\« FKDUDFWHULVHG WKH ZRUN RI -HVXV PRUH WKDQ DQ\WKLQJ
HOVH´
6W 3DXO LQ KLV OHWWHU WR 5RPDQV H[SODLQV ORYH DV WKH VXPPLQJ XS RI DOO WKH
FRPPDQGPHQWV
*RVSHO RI -RKQ QHYHU XVHV WKH QRXQ µIDLWK¶ KRZHYHU WKH YHUE µEHOLHYH¶ LV XVHG DURXQG
WLPHV +HUH WRR KDYLQJ IDLWK LH WUXVW LQ -HVXV LV MXVW DV FHQWUDO D IHDWXUH DV LQ WKH
RWKHU *RVSHOV ³RX EHOLHYH LQ *RG EHOLHYH DOVR LQ PH´ +RZHYHU LQ D
PRGHUQ FRQWH[W WKH WZR ZRUGV µIDLWK¶ DQG µEHOLHI¶ KDYH GULIWHG DSDUW EHOLHI QRZ WHQGV
WR PHDQ KDYLQJ D EHOLHI DERXW VRPHWKLQJ ZKLFK IDOOV VKRUW RI UHDOO\ NQRZLQJ IDLWK LV
H[SUHVVHG LQ EHOLHIV DQG EHOLHI LV QRW IDLWK
$OWKRXJK *RG LV WKH SULPDU\ REMHFW RI
IDLWK 0N 0W IDLWK LQ +LP GHPDQGV WKH PLVVLRQ RI +LV 6RQ WKURXJK
ZKRP *RG LV UHYHDOHG 0W
7KLV PLVVLRQ HQWUXVWHG WR WKH KXUFK DQG WR WKH
FRPPXQLW\ RI IDLWKIXO LV WR EH FDUULHG RXW ZLWK MR\ RI WKH H[SHULHQFH RI -HVXV KULVW
DQG WKURXJK +LP WKH WULXQH *RG
-2)8/ 6+$5,1* 2) )$,7+ $6 (9$1*(/,=$7,21
(YDQJHOL]DWLRQ LV D VKDULQJ RI DQ LQYLWDWLRQ WR WKH ORYH RI KULVW DQG ORYH RI *RG 7KH
HDUO\ KULVWLDQV VKDUHG WKHLU H[SHULHQFH RI *RG¶V ORYH DQG SUHVHQFH LQ -HVXV KULVW
6W 3DXO VD\V ³ZRH WR PH LI , GR QRW SURFODLP WKH *RVSHO ´ RU 7KH VHFRQG
9DWLFDQ RXQFLO FRQFHLYHG HYDQJHOL]DWLRQ DV D VKDULQJ RI ZLWQHVVLQJ H[SHULHQFHV RI
IDLWK $* 3RSH -RKQ 3DXO ,, LQ KLV HQF\FOLFDO Redemptoris missio ZULWHV ³)DLWK
LV VWUHQJWKHQHG ZKHQ LW LV VKDUHG´ 6KDULQJ WKH IDLWK PHDQV VKDULQJ ORYH DQG
FRQFHUQ ZLWK RXU IHOORZ EHLQJ $FFRUGLQJ WR 3RSH )UDQFLV
)ROORZLQJ -HVXV PHDQV OHDUQLQJ WR FRPH RXW RI RXUVHOYHV LQ RUGHU WR JR WR PHHW RWKHUV WR JR
WRZDUGV WKH RXWVNLUWV RI H[LVWHQFH WR EH WKH ILUVW WR WDNH VWHS WRZDUGV RXU EURWKHUV DQG RXU
VLVWHUV HVSHFLDOO\ PRVW GLVWDQW WKRVH ZKR DUH IRUJRWWHQ WKRVH ZKR DUH PRVW LQ QHHG RI
%LVKRS (PPDQXHO )HUQDQGR ³)DLWK DQG 2XU 6RFLDO 0RUDO 5HVSRQVLELOLW\´ LQ Living Faith YRO
QR 6HH DOVR )UDQN 3 GH 6LDQR Reactivating Our Catholic Faith 1HZ RUN
3DXOLVW 3UHVV
-RKQ %RZGHQ ³)DLWK´ LQ Encyclopedia of Christianity 2[IRUG 1HZ RUN
+ 3LFNDU New Catholic Encyclopedia
